📚 MATERI: HOW TO SOLVE REFERENCE QUESTIONS Apa itu Reference Question? Reference question adalah pertanyaan yang menanyakan kata atau fra...
📚 MATERI: HOW TO SOLVE REFERENCE QUESTIONS
Apa itu Reference Question?
Reference question adalah pertanyaan yang menanyakan kata atau frasa apa yang dirujuk oleh suatu kata tertentu dalam teks.
Biasanya kata yang ditanyakan berupa:
it
they
them
this
these
those
he / she
his / her
their
its
which
who
Contoh:
The library has many books. They are arranged neatly.
Question:
What does the word “They” refer to?
Jawaban: books
Karena they menggantikan kata books.
🧠 RUMUS UTAMA
Gunakan strategi:
LOOK → MATCH → CHECK
1. LOOK
Cari kata yang dirujuk dalam kalimat.
2. MATCH
Cocokkan dengan jumlah (singular/plural) dan jenis kata.
3. CHECK
Masukkan pilihan jawaban tersebut kembali ke kalimat. Apakah maknanya masih masuk akal?
🔎 LANGKAH 1 — CARI PRONOUN-NYA
Pertama, lingkari kata yang ditanyakan.
Contoh:
The laboratory has forty computers. They are connected to a high-speed network.
Yang ditanyakan:
What does “They” refer to?
Fokus hanya pada They.
🔎 LANGKAH 2 — JANGAN LANGSUNG MEMILIH KATA TERDEKAT
Ini bagian yang sering menjadi jebakan.
Perhatikan:
The computers are arranged in four rows, and they face a large screen.
Kata sebelum they:
four rows
computers
Yang paling dekat memang rows, tetapi jawabannya bukan rows.
Mengapa?
Karena:
they = computers
Bukan:
they = rows
💡 Ingat:
Kata terdekat ≠ selalu jawaban benar.
Kita harus melihat makna kalimat.
🎯 LANGKAH 3 — CEK SINGULAR ATAU PLURAL
Ini salah satu trik paling efektif.
| Pronoun | Biasanya merujuk pada |
|---|---|
| it | satu benda/tempat/hal |
| he | satu laki-laki |
| she | satu perempuan |
| they | lebih dari satu |
| them | lebih dari satu |
| these | beberapa benda/hal |
| those | beberapa benda/hal |
| this | satu hal/ide/pernyataan |
| that | satu hal/ide/pernyataan |
| their | kepunyaan beberapa orang |
| its | kepunyaan satu benda/hewan |
Contoh:
The computer is expensive. It has a large monitor.
It → computer
Karena computer singular.
The computers are expensive. They have large monitors.
They → computers
Karena computers plural.
⚠️ LANGKAH 4 — BEDAKAN IT, THEY, THEM
Ini sering keluar dalam soal sulit.
IT
Biasanya sebagai subject.
The computer is new. It works very well.
It = the computer
THEY
Juga sebagai subject, tetapi plural.
The computers are new. They work very well.
They = the computers
THEM
Biasanya sebagai object.
Students use the computers every day. They clean them after use.
Them = the computers
Bukan students.
Trik:
They → melakukan sesuatu
Them → dikenai sesuatu
Contoh:
They use the computers.
→ They = pelaku
Students use them.
→ them = benda yang digunakan
🧩 LANGKAH 5 — HATI-HATI DENGAN THIS, THESE, THAT, THOSE
Pronoun ini lebih sulit karena kadang tidak merujuk pada satu kata, tetapi pada ide atau kalimat sebelumnya.
THIS
Bisa merujuk pada satu benda atau situasi/ide sebelumnya.
Contoh:
The laboratory must be kept clean. This is important because dust can damage the computers.
This bukan berarti laboratory.
This = the idea that the laboratory must be kept clean.
THESE
Biasanya merujuk pada beberapa benda yang baru disebutkan.
Each computer has a small label. These help students identify their computers.
These = labels
THOSE
Biasanya menunjuk pada beberapa benda tertentu.
The library contains thousands of books. Those on the highest shelves are rarely borrowed.
Those = books
🔥 TRIK SOAL SULIT: "THIS" BISA MERUJUK SATU KALIMAT
Perhatikan:
The market has wooden stalls and modern shops. This combination makes it unique.
Yang dirujuk this bukan hanya market.
This combination = the combination of wooden stalls and modern shops.
Jadi kalau soal bertanya:
What does “this” refer to?
Cari ide yang baru saja dijelaskan, bukan hanya satu noun terdekat.
🧠 LANGKAH 6 — GUNAKAN "REPLACEMENT TEST"
Ini trik yang sangat bagus untuk soal sulit.
Caranya:
Ganti pronoun dengan pilihan jawaban.
Contoh:
The library contains thousands of books. Those on the highest shelves are rarely borrowed.
Pilihan:
A. students
B. shelves
C. books
D. facilities
Coba:
Books on the highest shelves are rarely borrowed. ✅
Masuk akal.
Coba:
Shelves on the highest shelves are rarely borrowed. ❌
Tidak masuk akal.
Jadi:
Those = books
🚨 LANGKAH 7 — PERHATIKAN GRAMMAR
Kadang jawaban bisa diketahui dari struktur grammar.
Contoh:
The computers are arranged in four rows, and they face a large screen.
Setelah they terdapat:
face
Berarti they adalah subject.
Pilihan:
A. computers
B. rows
C. screen
Kita lihat makna:
Computers face a large screen. ✅
Rows face a large screen. ❌/kurang tepat dalam konteks.
Jadi:
They = computers
🏆 STRATEGI 5 DETIK
Saat mengerjakan ujian, gunakan urutan ini:
1️⃣ FIND
Cari pronoun.
2️⃣ LOOK BACK
Lihat 1–2 kalimat sebelumnya.
3️⃣ COUNT
Singular atau plural?
4️⃣ MATCH
Cocokkan dengan noun yang tepat.
5️⃣ REPLACE
Masukkan jawaban ke kalimat.
6️⃣ CHECK
Apakah kalimatnya masuk akal?
💥 CONTOH SOAL JEBakan
The school library has several reading areas. They are equipped with tables and chairs. Students often use these after school.
Question 1:
What does “They” refer to?
A. students
B. tables
C. chairs
D. reading areas
E. library
Jawaban: D. reading areas
Karena:
Reading areas are equipped with tables and chairs. ✅
Question 2:
What does “these” refer to?
A. students
B. reading areas
C. tables and chairs
D. library
E. assignments
Jawaban: C. tables and chairs
Karena:
Students often use tables and chairs after school. ✅
📌 KESALAHAN YANG PALING SERING TERJADI
❌ 1. Memilih kata yang paling dekat
Jangan berpikir:
"Yang paling dekat pasti jawabannya."
Salah.
❌ 2. Tidak memperhatikan singular/plural
The computer → it
The computers → they
❌ 3. Menganggap THIS selalu berarti satu noun
Kadang:
This = seluruh ide/pernyataan sebelumnya.
❌ 4. Tidak membaca kalimat lengkap
Jangan hanya membaca kata sebelum pronoun.
Baca minimal:
kalimat sebelumnya + kalimat yang mengandung pronoun.
⭐ FORMULA PALING MUDAH DIINGAT
PRONOUN → BACKWARD → NUMBER → MEANING → REPLACE
Pronoun
⬇️
Cari referennya ke belakang
⬇️
Cek singular/plural
⬇️
Cek makna
⬇️
Ganti pronoun dengan jawaban
⬇️
Jika kalimat masuk akal → kemungkinan besar benar.
🎯 Kalimat kunci untuk siswa:
“Don't choose the nearest word. Choose the word that makes the sentence logically correct.”
Jangan memilih kata yang paling dekat. Pilih kata yang membuat kalimat secara logis menjadi benar.
Answer these question correctly!
TEXT 1 — The Computer Laboratory
Our school has a modern computer laboratory that is located on the second floor of the main building. It contains forty computers, each of which is connected to a high-speed network. The computers are arranged in four rows, and they face a large screen at the front of the room. The screen is used by teachers to demonstrate various applications to students.
Each computer has a small label attached to its monitor. These help students identify their assigned computers easily. The laboratory also has several air conditioners. They keep the room cool even when all the computers are being used simultaneously.
Students are required to keep the laboratory clean. This is important because dust can damage electronic equipment. They must also turn off the computers properly after using them. The teacher checks the room before leaving it to make sure that everything is in good condition.
Questions 1–4
1. What does the word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The second floor
B. The main building
C. The computer laboratory
D. The high-speed network
E. The school
2. The word “they” in paragraph 1 refers to ....
A. students
B. computers
C. teachers
D. applications
E. rows
3. What does the word “These” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. computers
B. monitors
C. labels
D. air conditioners
E. assigned computers
4. The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to ....
A. students
B. teachers
C. computers
D. electronic equipment
E. applications
TEXT 2 — A Traditional Market
Pasar Wage is one of the busiest traditional markets in the town. It occupies a large area near the city square and becomes particularly crowded in the early morning. Vendors sell vegetables, fruits, meat, spices, and various traditional snacks there. They usually arrive before sunrise to prepare their goods.
The market is divided into several sections. Each has a different function, which makes it easier for customers to find what they need. The vegetable section, for example, is always filled with colorful produce. These are delivered by farmers from nearby villages. Some of the farmers bring their products directly to the market because they want to sell them while they are still fresh.
One interesting feature of the market is its traditional atmosphere. Wooden stalls stand next to newer permanent shops, and this combination makes the market different from modern supermarkets. Although the market is often noisy, many people enjoy its lively atmosphere. They believe that shopping there gives them an experience that cannot easily be found elsewhere.
Questions 5–7
5. What does the word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The city square
B. The traditional market
C. The town
D. The early morning
E. The market area
6. The word “These” in paragraph 2 refers to ....
A. sections
B. customers
C. vegetables
D. colorful produce
E. nearby villages
7. What does the word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. the traditional atmosphere
B. the noisy environment
C. the market
D. the combination of wooden stalls and newer shops
E. the modern supermarket
TEXT 3 — The School Library
The school library is one of the most popular facilities among students. It is situated beside the teachers' room and has a large glass door through which sunlight enters the room. The library contains thousands of books, ranging from novels and encyclopedias to technical manuals. Those on the highest shelves are rarely borrowed because students need a ladder to reach them.
The librarian has recently introduced a digital catalog. It enables students to search for books by title, author, or subject. The system also shows whether a particular book is available. This makes the process of finding books much faster than before. Students who have difficulty using the system can ask the librarian for help, and she will guide them patiently.
The library also provides several comfortable reading areas. They are equipped with tables, chairs, and charging stations. Students often use these after school, especially when they need to complete group assignments. The librarian allows students to discuss their projects as long as they do not disturb other visitors.
Questions 8–10
8. What does the word “Those” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. students
B. shelves
C. books
D. technical manuals
E. facilities
9. The word “This” in paragraph 2 refers to ....
A. the librarian's assistance
B. the digital catalog
C. the ability to search by title
D. the faster process of finding books
E. the availability of books
10. The word “They” in the last sentence refers to ....
A. librarians
B. students
C. group assignments
D. reading areas
E. other visitors
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